ATP is a high-energy molecule that stores energy in its phosphate bonds. It consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. When one phosphate group is removed—usually through a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme—the molecule is converted to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate), and energy is released. This energy is used to power various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, ion transport, and chemical synthesis.
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