An enzyme in plants that kickstarts the phenylpropanoid pathway, helping turn basic nutrients into compounds for strength, color, and defense. It works by converting the amino acid phenylalanine into the first building block used to make lignin (for sturdy stems), pigments (like reds and purples), and protective compounds. When PAL activity increases, plants are better able to toughen their structure, deepen their coloration, and respond to stress such as bright light, pests, or minor damage.
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