A neonicotinoid is a class of synthetic insecticides that affects an insect’s nervous system by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This overstimulates nerve cells, causing paralysis and death. Neonicotinoids are highly effective against sap-feeding insects such as aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, and many scale insects.
Most neonicotinoids are systemic, meaning they can be absorbed by the plant and transported through its tissues, allowing insects to ingest the active ingredient as they feed. Common neonicotinoid active ingredients include imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiacloprid. Their persistence and systemic movement make them effective for long-lasting control but have also raised concerns about impacts on pollinators and other non-target insects, leading to restrictions or bans on some uses in many countries.
Neonicotinoids are one of several insecticide classes and differ from pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates in both their chemistry and mode of action.
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